Determination of Parasite Fauna on Freshwater Crayfish “Astacus leptodactylus” (Eschscholtz, 1823) In the Arass Dam Reservoir, Northwest of Iran
Mehrdad
Asgharnia*
Citation: Asgharnia M (2017) Determination of Parasite Fauna on Freshwater Crayfish “Astacus leptodactylus” (Eschscholtz, 1823) In the Arass Dam Reservoir, Northwest of Iran. J Fish Aqua Dev: JFAD-128. DOI:10.29011/JFAD-128/100028
1.
Abstract
1.
Introduction
Maximum number of
crayfish infected to Branchiobdella hexodonta
were 21 specimens and minimum number of crayfish infected to Cystidicola sp.
were 3 specimens. Mean intensity value was vary from minimum 1.6 to maximum 3.3
number. The lowest parasitic number for each species was 1 and the highest
number of parasite that observed in Branchiobdella
hexodonta were 7 individuals. Parasite abundance value were between
7 and 70 numbers (Table 1). The lowest abundance
value was seen in Cystidicola sp. nematode and the highest
abundance value seen in Annelida; Branchiobdella
hexodonta. The lowest prevalence value was observed in Cystidicola sp.
and the highest prevalence value observed in Branchiobdella hexodonta. Also, the lowest and
highest mean intensity value were found in Rhabdochona
sp. and Branchiobdella hexodonta respectively (Table 2).
Mean abundance
value was determined in range between 0.1-1 numbers, which Cystidicola sp.
was allocated the least and Branchiobdella hexodonta
had the meanest abundance value. The most dominance was belonged to Branchiobdella sp. and the least dominance was allocated to Cystidicola sp.
alongside with increasing average length, prevalence value was declined, and
mean intensity infection increased and conversely (Table
3).
Number of female
crayfish affected to Cystidicola sp. were 2 individuals (the lowest)
and female crayfish that infected to Branchiobdella hexodonta were 15 individuals (the highest).
In males, only one individual crayfish was infected to Cystidicola sp.
and 9 others were infected to Rhabdochona sp. which were encountered the
least and the most rate of infection relatively. The most number of infected
crayfish was related to females and the least number reported from males (Table 4).
As indicated at (Table 6), of 21 crayfish individuals that has infected
to Branchiobdella hexodonta, the most
number was occurred on females (15 numbers) and the least reported from males
(6 numbers).
Also, frequency of
parasites in female sex (45 numbers) was more than male sex (25 numbers). Thus,
prevalence value of parasites in females was more than males, but mean
intensity in females was less than male one. As shown by (Table 2), of 21 total crayfish individuals that have
been infected to Branchiobdella
sp., 13 numbers were recovered
from gills and 8 numbers were seen on carapace. Parasitic frequency on gills
(43 numbers) was more than on carapace (27 numbers). So mean infection
intensity on gills was higher than on carapace (Table 7).
4. Disscussion
The worm first time reported by Mazzarelli (1903) [19] from northern Italy and once again reviewed in
year 1906 when he identified Branchiobdella
pentodonta (Figure 3) species
from crayfish Potamobius pallipes or Austropotamobius pallipes in Milan aquarium.
According to a report (Meike, 1999) [15],
freshwater crayfish appearance and morphology is necessary for passing
reproduce cycle process of Branchiobdella sp. To other mean, crayfish is
specific host for the parasite and the worm is arbitrary parasite of crayfish.
Authors research has also mentioned that a given species of Branchiobdellid may be found on one
part of the crayfish in summer (e.g. Branchiobdella parasitica
around the eyes, claws and pleopods of Astacus
astacus) and another part in winter (principally the abdomen) [11]. The stage of development of the brachiobdellid may also affect the
part of the host body on which it is found [25].
It′s worthy of mention, that none of the crayfish internal organs have been
infested to parasite, also human infection with this parasite has not yet been
reported. Rabdochona sp. and Cystidicola sp.
nematodes larvae (Figure 5) which
have been present in this research are freshwater fish intestine
parasite fauna and were found on bronchial chambers
of crayfish “Astacus leptodactylus” and all are external or epicommensals [26].
These nematodes may be commensal with crayfish or having
free-living style and crayfish would act as an intermediate host for them. It
should be noted that Annelida Branchiobdella
sp. is an arbitrary parasite
for freshwater crayfish “Astacus leptodactylus”
and crayfish is counted as specific host of the parasite [27]. There are several researches were performed
about fish parasitic infections and diseases in Iranian inland water reservoirs, but there is no report about crayfish diseases,
infestations or parasitic infection, and this is the first study of its own
right. In this investigation Annelida “Branchiobdella hexodonta” which known as crayfish “Branch worm” was discovered from freshwater crayfish “Astacus leptodactylus” spices for the first time in Iranian inland
water
resources. by the way, this
worm only has parasitism freshwater crayfish and is host specific for the
crayfish “Astacus
leptodactylus” [28].
Finally, none of the nematode larvae, Rhabdochona
sp. and Cystidicola sp.
have parasitic role, but have Commensal state or free style living
form. They are retrieved from gills, and crayfish act as a vector for them. Cystidicola sp.
parasite only was known from freshwater inhabitants, where they were
infected intermediate and definitive hosts. Presence of Cystidicola sp.
indicates that these crayfish feed on tiny freshwater crustaceans.
In current review, the only acquired species from “Astacus leptodactylus” was B. hexodonta, it′s
may be due to the difference in climatic and geographical location of natural
habitat of the crayfish [29].
Figure 1: Branchiobdella hexodonta parasite recovered from
Carapace of freshwater Crayfish “Astacus
leptodactylus” stained with acetocarmine, magnification 200X (original).
Figure
2: Branchiobdella hexodonta isolated from
gill of freshwater crayfish Astacus leptodactylus in Arass damlake, stained
with acetocarmine, magnification 200X (original).
Figure 3: Branchiobdella
pentodonta Recovered from Freshwater Crayfish.
Figure 4: Branchiobdella parasite recovered from freshwater
cray fish Rhabdochona
sp. Cystidicola
sp.
Figure 5: Two Nematodes Larvae Retrieved from Freshwater Crayfish
“Astacus Leptodactylus” Gill in Arass Dam
Lake, Stained with Acetocarmine, Magnification 200X(Original).
Dominance |
Mean abundance |
Mean intensity |
Prevalence rate |
Frequency |
Parasite Number Range |
Infected number |
Parasite Speices |
70 |
1 |
3.3 |
30 |
70 |
1-7 |
21 |
Branchiobdella hexodonta |
22 |
0.1 |
1.6 |
18.5 |
22 |
1-4 |
13 |
Rhabdochona sp. |
7 |
0.1 |
3.3 |
4.2 |
7 |
1-5 |
3 |
Cystidicola sp. |
99 |
1.4 |
2.9 |
48.5 |
99 |
1-7 |
68 |
Total |
Dominance |
Mean abundance
|
Mean intensity |
Prevalence rate |
Frequency
|
Parasite Number Range |
Infected number |
Parasite Speices |
70 |
1 |
3.3 |
30 |
70 |
1-7 |
21 |
Branchiobdella hexodonta |
22 |
0.1 |
1.6 |
18.5 |
22 |
1-4 |
13 |
Rhabdochona sp. |
7 |
0.1 |
3.3 |
4.2 |
7 |
1-5 |
3 |
Cystidicola sp. |
99 |
1.4 |
2.9 |
48.5 |
99 |
1-7 |
68 |
Total |
Table 1: Parasite Frequency Infection Rate of Freshwater Crayfish in Aras Dam Reservoir.
Dominance |
Mean abundance |
Mean intensity |
Infected crayfish |
Parasite frequency |
Rhabdochona speices |
66 |
0.16 |
0.36 |
12 |
8 |
R. denudata |
25 |
0.06 |
0.13 |
6 |
3 |
R. hellichi |
25 |
0.06 |
0.13 |
6 |
3 |
R. fortunatowi |
116 |
0.28 |
0.62 |
24 |
14 |
Total |
Table 2: Frequently Distribution of Parasitic Infection in Freshwater Crayfish Due to Rhabdochona Species in Arass Dam Lake.
Prevalence |
Mean intensity |
Parasite frequently |
Infected number |
Crayfish |
Number N=140 |
18.1% |
5.8 |
35 |
12 |
Average length |
12.55 n=66 |
40.5% |
2.3 |
35 |
35 |
Average length |
10.42 n=74 |
Table 3: Relation between crayfish average length with Branchiobdella sp. infection rate.
Number of parasite in male
|
Number of parasite in female |
Number of infected male |
Number of infected female |
Parasite/ sex |
25 |
45 |
6 |
15 |
Brannchiobdella hexodonta |
14 |
8 |
9 |
4 |
Rhabdochona sp. |
1 |
6 |
1 |
2 |
Cystidicola sp. |
40 |
59 |
16 |
21 |
Total |
Table 4: Frequently distribution of parasites in freshwater crayfish due to sex in Arass dam lake.
Eyes
|
Muscle |
Heart |
Gut |
Hepato-pancrease |
Gills |
Carapace |
Parasite/ Infected Organ |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
43 |
27 |
Branchiobdella hexodonta |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
22 |
- |
Rhabdochona sp. |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
6 |
1 |
Cystidicola sp. |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
71 |
28 |
Total |
Table 5: Distribution Parasitic Infection Rate of Freshwater Crayfish Due to Studied Organs in Arass Dam Lake
Mean intensity |
Prevalence |
Parasite frequency |
Infected number |
Crayfish Sex |
3 |
62.5 |
45 |
15 |
Female n=24 |
4.1 |
13 |
25 |
6 |
Male n=46 |
3.3 |
30 |
70 |
21 |
Total=70 |
Table 6: Changes of Branchiobdella hexodonta abundance due to crayfish sex in Arass dam lake
Mean intensity |
Prevalence |
Parasite frequency |
Infected number |
Infected organ |
2.04 |
18.5 |
43 |
13 |
Gills |
1.28 |
11.4 |
27 |
8 |
Carapace |
3.32 |
30 |
70 |
21 |
Total |
Table 7: Infection Rate of External Organs of Freshwater Crayfish Due to Branchiobdella Sp. In Arass Dam Reservoir.
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