case report Rhinovirus Infection Associated Cytopenias during Maintenance Phase in Children with Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia
Natalia Mendoza Palomar1*, Mariona Morell Daniel2, Miriam Morey Olivé1, Pere Soler Palacín2, Andrés Antón Pagarolas3, and Pablo Velasco Puyó1
1Pediatric Infectious Diseases and Immunodeficiencies Unit, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Passeig Vall d'Hebron 119-129, 08035, Barcelona, Spain
2Pediatric Haematology and Oncology Division, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Passeig Vall d'Hebron 119-129, 08035, Barcelona, Spain
3Microbiology Department, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Passeig Vall d' Hebron 119-129, 08035, Barcelona, Spain
*Corresponding author: Natalia Mendoza Palomar, Pediatric Infectious Diseases and Immunodeficiencies Unit, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Passeig Vall d'Hebron 119-129, 08035, Barcelona, Spain.
Received Date: 05 April 2023
Accepted Date: 10 April 2023
Published Date: 13 April 2023
Citation: Palomar NM, Daniel MM, Olive MM, Palacin PS, Pagarolas AA, et al. (2023) Rhinovirus Infection Associated Cytopenias during Maintenance Phase In Children with Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia. Ann Case Report 8: 1262. DOI: https://doi.org/10.29011/2574-7754.101262
Abstract
Respiratory infections are a common cause of cytopenias in pediatric cancer patients undergoing treatment, with rhinovirus being the most frequent culprit. We aimed to assess the impact of rhinovirus infections during long-term, low-intensity chemotherapy maintenance in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Clinical characteristics and outcomes of patients infected with rhinovirus between 2011-2021 were analyzed. Of the 207 patients on maintenance, 22% presented rhinovirus infection, with 50% experiencing associated cytopenia leading to treatment interruptions in 37% of patients. No increase in relapses or mortality was observed.
These findings suggest that rhinovirus infections can cause bone marrow toxicity during maintenance treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Thus, the screening for rhinovirus infection should be considered as part of the investigation in cases of unexpected pancytopenia during maintenance treatment.
Keywords: Rhinovirus, Cytopenia, Maintenance, Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia, Children, Pediatric