BMAP Journal

1. Introduction

The liver is a vital organ actively involved in most of the metabolic functions. Hepatic damage is associated with distortion of these metabolic functions [1]. Liver disorders are the serious global health burdens occurring due to modern food styles, excessive pollution and intake of some drugs [2]. “As per the World Health Organization records, liver cirrhosis is the 8^th leading cause of death in the United States and 13^th leading cause of death globally, with worldwide mortality having increased by 45.6% from 1990 to 2013 due to alcohol-induced liver cirrhosis” [3]. Overproduction of free radical species like Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) and Reactive Nitrogen Species (RNS) leads to an increased lipid peroxidation end product that causes hepatic necrosis [4-6]. Human hepatoma cell lines (HepG2) have been routinely used as an alternative model to human hepatocytes in vitro for the evaluation of Hepatoprotective activity [7,8]. Moreover, this cell line has many advantages viz. easily available and cryopreserved in huge quantity, and even the drug metabolizing capability do not decrease upon cultivation [9]. There are huge limitations for conducting liver disease research in human beings due to high cost and potential ethical issues. Therefore, the authors focused to develop an alternative treatment to investigate the potential of Consciousness Energy Healing Treatment (The Trivedi Effect^®) on the test item, Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium (DMEM) for protection of hepatocyte cells in Human Hepatoma Cells (HepG2). Numerous scientific data supported the useful effects of Biofield Energy Treatment in cases of cancer patients via massage therapy [10], therapeutic touch [11], etc. Biofield Therapy or Healing Modalities is one of treatment approach under the broad category of Complementary and Alternative Medicine (CAM) therapies to enhance physical, mental, and emotional human wellness.

The National Center of Complementary and Integrative Health (NCCIH) has recognized and accepted Biofield Energy Healing as a CAM health care approach in addition to other therapies, medicines and practices such as chiropractic/osteopathic manipulation, natural products, yoga, deep breathing, Tai Chi, meditation, Qi Gong, special diets, massage, relaxation techniques, progressive relaxation, homeopathy, acupuncture, guided imagery, hypnotherapy, healing touch, movement therapy, rolfing structural integration, pilates, mindfulness, Ayurvedic medicine, acupressure, essential oils, traditional Chinese herbs and medicines, naturopathy, Reiki, aromatherapy, and cranial sacral therapy. Human “Biofield” has a subtle form of energy that has the ability to act as an effective manner [12]. CAM therapies have been practiced worldwide with reported clinical benefits in various health care system [13].

This energy can be harnessed and transmitted by the experts into living and non-living things via the process of a unique Energy Transmission process (The Trivedi Effect^®). The Trivedi Effect^®- Consciousness Energy Healing Treatment has been reported with a significant revolution in the field of cancer research [14,15], nutraceuticals [16,17], skin health [18,19], bone health [20-22], materials science [23-25], agriculture [26,27], microbiology [28-30], biotechnology [31,32]. Apart from this, The Trivedi Effect^® also tremendously improved bioavailability of various low bioavailable compounds [33-35] and improved overall human health and wellness. Based on the above information and to minimize the existed limitations in liver research in human beings, authors intend to develop a new treatment strategy to study the impact of the Biofield Energy Healing Treatment (The Trivedi Effect^®) on the test item (DMEM) for liver hepatocyte cells growth in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cell Line (HepG2).

2. Materials and Methods

2.1. Chemicals and Reagents

Antibiotics solution (Penicillin-Streptomycin) was purchased from HiMedia. Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium (DMEM) and Fetal Bovine Serum (FBS) were obtained from Gibco, India. Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT) 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-Diphenyltetrazolium Bromide (MTT) and Ethylenediaminetetraacetic Acid (EDTA) were obtained from Sigma Chemical Co. (St. Louis, MO). The positive controls silymarin and mevinolin were procured from Sanat products ltd., India and Zliesher Nobel, respectively. All the other chemicals used in this experiment were analytical grade procured from India.

2.2. Biofield Energy Healing Strategy

The test item (DMEM) was used in this experiment and one portion was considered as the untreated DMEM group, where no Biofield Treatment was provided. Further, the untreated group was treated with “sham” healer for comparison purpose. The sham healer did not have any knowledge about the Biofield Energy Healing Treatment. The other portion of the test item was received Biofield Energy Treatment and defined as the Biofield Energy Treated DMEM group. Biofield Energy Healing Treatment (known as The Trivedi Effect^®) was received under laboratory conditions for ~3 minutes through Mahendra Kumar Trivedi’s unique Biofield Energy Transmission process. Biofield Energy Healer was located in the USA, however the test items were located in the research laboratory of Dabur Research Foundation, New Delhi, India. Biofield Energy Healer in this experiment did not visit the laboratory, nor had any contact with the test samples. After that, the Biofield Energy Treated and untreated test items were kept in similar sealed conditions and used for the study as per the study plan.

2.3 Assessment of Cell Viability Using MTT Assay

The cell viability was performed by MTT assay in HepG2 cell line. The cells were counted and plated in a 96-well plate at the density corresponding to 10 X 10³ cells/well/180 µL in DMEM + 10% FBS. The cells in the above plate(s) were incubated for 24 hours in a CO₂ incubator at 37^°C, 5% CO₂, and 95% humidity. Following incubation, the medium was removed and the following treatments were given. In the Biofield Treated test item (DMEM) group, 200 µL of the Biofield Energy Treated test item (DMEM) was added to wells, and in the untreated DMEM group, added 200 µL of untreated DMEM. Besides, in the positive control groups, added 180 µL of DMEM with 20 µL of positive controls were added from the respective 10X stock solutions.

After incubation for 48 hours, the effect of test items on cell viability was assessed by MTT assay. 20 µL of 5 mg/mL of MTT was added to all the wells and incubated at 37^°C for 3 hours. The supernatant was aspirated and 150 µL of Dimethyl Sulfoxide (DMSO) was added to all wells to dissolve formazan crystals. The Optical Density (OD) of each well was read at 540 nm using Biotek Reader.

Effect of the test items on viability of HepG2 cells was determined using Equation (1):

Where, % Cytotoxicity = {(O.D. of cells of untreated DMEM – O.D. of cells Biofield Treated DMEM/positive controls)/ O.D. of cells of untreated DMEM}*100

For test items and positive controls, concentrations resulting ≥70% cell viability were taken as safe/non-cytotoxic concentration.

2.4. Evaluation of Cytoprotective Effect of the Test Item

Cells were trypsinized and a single cell suspension of HepG2 was prepared. Cells were counted on an hemocytometer and seeded at a density of 10 X 10³ cells/well/180 µL in DMEM + 10% FBS in a 96-well plate. Cells were incubated in a CO₂ incubator for 24 hours at 37^°C, 5% CO₂ and 95% humidity. After 24 hours, the medium was removed and the following treatments were given. In the test item groups, 180 µL of the test items were added to wells. In the positive control group, 160 µL of serum free medium and 20 µL of positive control from the respective 10X stock solution was added to wells. After 24 hours of treatment, cells were treated with t-BHP at 250 μM (20 µL from the respective 10X stock) for 4 hours. After 4 hours, the protective effect of the test items on cell viability was assessed by MTT assay as per study protocol.

2.5. Estimation of Interleukin-8 (IL-8)

HepG2 cell suspension in DMEM containing 10% FBS was plated at a density of 0.3 X 10⁶ cells/well/1 mL in a 12-well plate. Cells were incubated in a CO₂ incubator for 24 hours at 37^°C, 5% CO₂, and 95% humidity. Cells were sera starved by replacing the medium with DMEM + 10% FBS for 24 hours. After 24 hours of sera starvation, medium was removed and pre-treatment were provided to the different treatment groups. After 24 hours of treatment, cells were stimulated with inflammatory stimulus TNF-α at a final concentration of 10 ng/mL. After treatment, cells were incubated in a 5% CO₂ incubator for 24 hours. After 24 hours of incubation, culture supernatants were collected from each well and stored at -20^°C until analysis. The level of cytokine (IL-8) in culture supernatants of HepG2 cells was determined using ELISA as per manufacturer’s instructions.

2.6. Estimation of ALT

Cells were trypsinized and a single cell suspension of HepG2 was prepared and counted on an hemocytometer. Cells were seeded at a density of 10 X 10³ cells/well/180 µL in DMEM + 10% FBS in a 96-well plate. Cells were incubated in a CO₂ incubator for 24 hours at 37^°C, 5% CO₂, and 95% humidity. After 24 hours, medium was removed and different treatments were given as per study plan. After incubation for 24 hours, cells were treated with 250 µM of t-BHP. After 4 hours of incubation, culture supernatants were collected from each well and stored at -20^°C until analysis. The level of ALT in culture supernatants of HepG2 cells was determined using commercial kit as per manufacturer’s instructions.

2.7. Estimation of Cholesterol

Cells were trypsinized and a single cell suspension of HepG2 was prepared. Cells were counted using an hemocytometer and seeded at a density of 1 million cells/well/mL in DMEM + 10% FBS in a 6-well plate. Cells were incubated in a CO₂ incubator for 24 hours at 37^°C, 5% CO₂ and 95% humidity. After 24 hours, medium was removed and treated with different treatment groups. After 24 hours of incubation, cell lysates were prepared in the following manner. Lysis buffer containing chloroform: isopropanol: IGEPAL CA630 in the ratio of 7:11:0.1 was prepared. Medium was removed from each well and 400 μL of the above buffer was added to each well, which led to detachment of cells and formation of white layer. Cells were scrapped off and transferred into a labeled centrifuge tubes. The cells were homogenized in ice using a tissue homogenizer for 4-5 minutes until the solution was turned turbid in appearance. After homogenizing, the cells were centrifuged at 13000g for 10 minutes. The supernatant was collected in a prelabeled centrifuge tube and the pellet was discarded. The tube containing the supernatant was kept at 37^°C for 24 hours for evaporation of buffer. After 24 hours, the tube was removed from 37^°C and the dried lipids (small yellow colored pellet) were obtained, which was stored at -20^°C until analysis. The level of cholesterol in cell lysates of HepG2 cells was determined using a commercial kit as per manufacturer’s instructions.

2.8. Estimation of Albumin

Cells were trypsinized and a single cell suspension of HepG2 was prepared. Cells were counted using an hemocytometer and seeded at a density of 0.25 million cells/well/1 mL in DMEM + 10 % FBS in a 24-well plate. Then, the cells were incubated in a CO₂ incubator for 24 hours at 37^°C, 5% CO₂, and 95% humidity. Further, the cells were sera starved by replacing the medium with DMEM + 10% FBS for 24 hours. After 24 hours, medium was removed and various treatments were given. After 48 hours of incubation, culture supernatants were collected from each well and stored at -20^°C until analysis. The level of albumin in culture supernatants of HepG2 cells were determined using a commercial kit as per manufacturer’s instructions.

2.9    Statistical Analysis

All the values were represented as Mean ± SEM (standard error of mean) of three independent experiments. For two groups comparison student’s t-test was used. For multiple group comparison, One-Way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) was used followed by post-hoc analysis by Dunnett’s test. Statistically significant values were set at the level of p≤0.05.

3. Results and Discussion

3.1. Assessment of Cell Viability Using MTT Assay

The results of the cell viability of the test items and positive controls using MTT assay in HepG2 cells are shown in (Figure 1). Silymarin (a known potent hepatoprotectant) showed more than 136% at the concentrations between 5 to 25 µg/mL and mevinolin, “a highly potent competitive inhibitor of Hydroxymethylglutaryl-Coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase and a cholesterol-lowering agent” showed greater than 97% cell viability upto 20 µg/mL. Besides, the untreated DMEM and Biofield Energy Treated DMEM showed 113% and 108.9% cell viability, respectively. Overall, the positive controls and the Biofield Energy Treated test items found more than 97% cell viability, which indicated that the test items and positive controls were safe and nontoxic at the tested concentrations.  

3.2. Evaluation of Cytoprotective Effect of the Test Items

tert-Butyl hydroperoxide (t-BHP) has been extensively used as a chemical inducer for the preparation of liver-injured animal model [36]. In hepatocyte cultures and in the liver, t-BHP is metabolism by liver cytochrome-P450 to form free radicals and subsequently initiate lipid peroxidation, causes cell injury [37]. The impact of the Biofield Energy Treated test item on the restoration of cell viability of HepG2 cells was determined against t-BHP induced cell damage. The cytoprotective effect of the test item against t-BHP induced damage is shown in (Figure 2). Silymarin restored cell viability by 4.9%, 38.4% (p≤0.001), and 66.1% (p≤0.001) at 1, 5, and 25 µg/mL, respectively compared to the t-BHP induced group. Further, the Biofield Energy Treated DMEM showed 10% and the untreated DMEM exhibited 0.4% restoration of cell viability under the influence of t-BHP. The results showed that Consciousness Energy Healing has significantly protect hepatocyte cells induced by t-BHP, which could be due to The Trivedi Effect^®. Therefore, The Trivedi Effect^® - Treated DMEM could be more useful for the management liver disorders.

3.3. Estimation of Interleukin-8 (IL-8)

Interleukin-8 (proinflammatory chemokine) is a potent chemoattractant for neutrophils [38], and causes acute liver inflammation. Increased level of oxidative stress causes increased secretion of IL-8, and ultimately recruit the inflammatory cells causes’ localized inflammation [39]. From literatures indicated that the level of IL-8 was high in case of chronic liver disease (alcoholic liver disease and hepatitis C) [40]. The effect of the test items on the interleukin-8 (IL-8) is shown in (Figure 3). Moreover, the Biofield Energy Treated DMEM showed 31.57% reduction of IL-8 compared to the untreated DMEM group.

3.4. Estimation of Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT)

The effect of the test items on Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT) is shown in (Figure 4). Silymarin (positive control) 8.4%, 25.6%, and 79.2% (p≤0.01) reduction of ALP level at 1, 5, and 25 µg/mL, respectively with respect to the untreated DMEM group. Additionally, the Biofield Energy Treated DMEM group showed a significant (p≤0.01) reduction of ALT by 66% compared to the untreated DMEM group (Figure 4). Aminotransferases are an excellent marker of hepatocellular injury. There were various factors responsible for liver disorders viz. alcohol, medication, viral hepatitis, autoimmune hepatitis, Wilson’s disease etc. in which the transaminases levels were raised. Thus, an elevation of serum ALT enzyme chances of clinically significant liver disorders [41-43]. In this experiment, the Biofield Energy Treatment significantly protect the liver hepatocytes in terms of reducing the level of ALT under the stimulation of t-BHP.

3.5. Estimation of Cholesterol

The effect of the test items on the level of cholesterol is shown in (Figure 5). The positive control (mevinolin) showed 17.45%, 25%, and 80.19% (p≤0.001) reduction of cholesterol at the concentration of 5, 10, and 20 µM, respectively compared to the untreated DMEM group. Further, cholesterol level was significantly reduced by 46.23% in the Biofield Energy Treated DMEM group with respect to the untreated DMEM group (Figure 5). Optimum level of cholesterol is important for good health. One of the function of liver is to produce and clear cholesterol in the body. Most of the cases, a high level of cholesterol is always harmful; however it is necessary for the synthesis of hormones, vitamin D, and various enzymes [44]. Overall, liver plays a central role in cholesterol homeostasis. Due to abnormality of liver functions lead to excess levels of lipid profile that ultimately leads to heart disease [45]. Here, The Trivedi Effect^® has significantly reduced cholesterol level, which could be beneficial for hepatic and cardiac patients and to improve overall health.

3.6. Estimation of Albumin

The effect of the test items on the level of albumin in shown in (Figure 6). Albumin level was significantly increased by 29.65%, 69.51%, 100.21% (p≤0.001), and 142.78% (p≤0.001) at 0.5, 1, 5, and 20 µM, respectively in the positive control (silymarin) group compared to the untreated DMEM group. Besides, the Biofield Energy Treated DMEM group showed 51.18% increase the level of albumin compared to the untreated DMEM group (Figure 6). Literature suggest that due to liver disease the albumin level become low. It is a protein synthesized by liver. Apart from liver disease severe malnutrition and kidney disease also responsible for low albumin. It regulates the osmolarity and oncotic pressure of interstitial fluid in the liver extravascular space, which is influenced by various hormonal factors such as insulin, cortisol, and growth hormone [46]. It act as modulator of fluid distribution of whole body compartments [47]. Besides, it act as an antioxidant by scavenging reactive oxygen species [48]. Overall, in this experiment Biofield Treatment significantly elevated the level of albumin, which is required for maintenance of bodies osmotic and oncotic pressure. 

4. Conclusions

In summary, the study results Showed That the Test Items (DMEM) were found as safe and non-toxic on the basis of MTT cell viability assay. The Biofield Energy Treated test item (DMEM) showed a significant (p≤0.001) protection of cells by 10% from the oxidative damage induced by t-BHP, while the untreated DMEM group showed 0.4% protection. IL-8 level was significantly (p≤0.01) reduced by 31.57% in the Biofield Energy Treated DMEM group compared to the untreated DMEM group. Moreover, ALT enzyme activity was significantly (p≤0.001) reduced by 66% in the Biofield Energy Treated DMEM group compared to the untreated DMEM group. Cholesterol level was significantly (p≤0.001) reduced by 46.23% in the Biofield Energy Treated DMEM group compared to the untreated DMEM group. Further, Biofield Energy Treated DMEM group showed 51.18% increased the level of albumin compared to the untreated DMEM group. It is therefore concluded that, The Trivedi Effect^® - Consciousness Energy Healing Treatment significantly protect hepatocytes and could be used as an alternative treatment approach for the management of various types of hepatobiliary disorders viz. cirrhosis, acute hepatitis A, B, C, D, and E, cholestasis, chronic viral hepatitis, portal hypertension in schistosomiasis, necrosis, toxoplasmosis, hepatosplenic schistosomiasis, liver abscess, autoimmune hepatitis, granulomatous hepatitis, primary biliary cholangitis (primary biliary cirrhosis), phlebitis of the portal vein, etc. In broad perspective, it could be useful to improve cell-to-cell messaging, normal cell growth and differentiation, cell cycling and proliferation, neurotransmission, skin health, hormonal balance, immune and cardiovascular functions. Moreover, it can also be utilized in aging, and various inflammatory and immune-related disease conditions like Ulcerative Colitis (UC), Alzheimer’s Disease (AD), Dermatitis, Graves’ Disease, Asthma, Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS), Hashimoto Thyroiditis, Pernicious Anemia, Sjogren Syndrome, Diabetes, Multiple Sclerosis, Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE), Aplastic Anemia, Hepatitis, Dermatomyositis, Parkinson’s Disease, Myasthenia Gravis, stress, etc.

5. Acknowledgements

Figure 1: Effect of the test items and positive controls on cell viability in HepG2 cells after 48 hours of treatment. All the values are represented as mean ± SEM of three independent experiments.

Figure 2:  Evaluation of cytoprotective effect of the test items in HepG2 cells against tert-butyl hydroperoxide (t-BHP) induced damage. All the values are represented as mean ± SEM of three independent experiments. ***p≤0.001 vs. untreated DMEM group.

Figure 3: The effect of the test items on the level of Interleukin-8 (IL-8) against TNF-α stimulation. TNF-α: Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha. All the values are represented as mean ± SEM of three independent experiments. **p≤0.01 vs. untreated DMEM group.

Figure 4. The effect of the test items on Alanine Amino-Transaminase (ALT) enzyme activity against Tert-Butyl Hydroperoxide (t-BHP) induced cell damage after 4 hours of treatment. All the values are represented as mean ± SEM of three independent experiments. ***p≤0.01 vs. untreated DMEM group.

Figure 5: The effect of the test items on cholesterol synthesis in HepG2 cells after 24 hours of treatment. Values are represented as mean ± SEM of three independent experiments. ***p≤0.001 vs. Untreated DMEM group.

Figure 6: Effect of the test items on albumin levels assessed in HepG2 cells after 48 hours of treatment. Data are represented as mean ± SEM of three independent experiments. ***p≤0.001 vs. untreated DMEM group.

1. Shah VN, Shah MB, Bhatt PA (2011) Hepatoprotective activity of punarnavashtak kwath, an Ayurvedic formulation, against CCl₄-induced hepatotoxicity in rats and on the HepG2 cell line. Pharm Biol 49: 408-415.
2. Ge PS, Runyon BA (2016) Treatment of patients with cirrhosis. N Engl J Med 375: 767-777.
3. Praneetha P, Durgaiah G, Y NR, Kumar B R (2017) In vitro hepatoprotective effect of Echinochloa colona on ethanol-induced oxidative damage in HepG2 cells. Asian J Pharm Clin Res 10: 259-261.
4. Contreras-Zentella ML, Hernández-Muñoz R (2016) Is liver enzyme release really associated with cell necrosis induced by oxidant stress? Oxid Med Cell Longev 2016: 3529149.
5. Schmidt E, Schmidt FW (1970) Aspects of enzyme diagnosis. Med Welt 21: 805-816.
6. Frederiks WM, Vogels IM, Fronik GM (1984) Plasma ornithine carbamyl transferase level as an indicator of ischaemic injury of rat liver. Cell Biochem Funct 2: 217-220.
7. Jessen BA, Mullins JS, de Peyster A, Stevens GJ (2003) Assessment of hepatocytes and liver slices as in vitro test systems to predict in vivo gene expression. Toxicol Sci 75: 208-222.
8. Duthie SJ, Melvin WT, Burke MD (1994) Bromobenzene detoxification in the human liver-derived HepG2 cell line. Xenobiotica 24: 265-279.
9. Sassa S, Sugita O, Galbraith RA, Kappas A (1987) Drug metabolism by the human hepatoma cell, HepG2. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 143: 52-57.
10. Ironson G, Field T, Scafidi F, Hashimoto M, Kumar M, et al. (1996) Massage therapy is associated with enhancement of the immune system's cytotoxic capacity. Int J Neurosci 84: 205-217.
11. Lutgendorf SK, Mullen-Houser E, Russell D, Degeest K, Jacobson G, et al. (2010) Preservation of immune function in cervical cancer patients during chemoradiation using a novel integrative approach. Brain Behav Immun 24: 1231-1240.
12.  Jain S, Hammerschlag R, Mills P, Cohen L, Krieger R, et al. (2015) Clinical studies of Biofield therapies: Summary, methodological challenges, and recommendations. Glob Adv Health Med 4: 58-66.
13. Rubik B (2002) The Biofield hypothesis: Its biophysical basis and role in medicine. J Altern Complement Med 8: 703-717.
14. Trivedi MK, Patil S, Shettigar H, Mondal SC, Jana S (2015) The potential impact of biofield treatment on human brain tumor cells: A time-lapse video microscopy. J Integr Oncol 4: 141.
15. Trivedi MK, Patil S, Shettigar H, Gangwar M, Jana S (2015) In vitro evaluation of Biofield treatment on cancer biomarkers involved in endometrial and prostate cancer cell lines. J Cancer Sci Ther 7: 253-257.
16. Trivedi MK, Branton A, Trivedi D, Nayak G, Plikerd WD, et al. (2017) A Systematic study of the biofield energy healing treatment on physicochemical, thermal, structural, and behavioral properties of magnesium gluconate. International Journal of Bioorganic Chemistry 2: 135-145.
17. Parulkar VR, Trivedi MK, Branton A, Trivedi D, Nayak G, et al. (2018) Improved metabolism of vitamin d₃ in human osteoblasts cells after biofield energy healing treatment. American Journal of Laboratory Medicine. 3: 11-19.
18. Parulkar VR, Trivedi MK, Branton A, Trivedi D, Nayak G, et al. (2017) The use of consciousness energy healing based herbomineral formulation for skin anti-aging strategies. Journal of Food and Nutrition Sciences 5: 96-106.
19. Singh J, Trivedi MK, Branton A, Trivedi D, Nayak G, et al. (2017) Consciousness energy healing treatment based herbomineral formulation: A safe and effective approach for skin health. American Journal of Pharmacology and Phytotherapy 2: 1-10.
20. Anagnos D, Trivedi K, Branton A, Trivedi D, Nayak G, et al. (2018) Influence of Biofield treated vitamin D₃ on proliferation, differentiation, and maturation of bone-related parameters in MG-63 cell-line. International Journal of Biomedical Engineering and Clinical Science 4: 6-14.
21. Lee AC, Trivedi K, Branton A, Trivedi D, Nayak G, et al. (2018) The potential benefits of Biofield energy treated vitamin D₃ on bone mineralization in human bone osteosarcoma cells (MG-63). International Journal of Nutrition and Food Sciences 7: 30-38.
22. Stutheit ME, Trivedi K, Branton A, Trivedi D, Nayak G, et al. (2018) Biofield energy treated vitamin D₃: Therapeutic implication on bone health using osteoblasts cells. American Journal of Life Sciences 6: 13-21.
23. Trivedi MK, Tallapragada RM (2008) A transcendental to changing metal powder characteristics. Met Powder Rep 63: 22-28, 31.
24. Trivedi MK, Nayak G, Patil S, Tallapragada RM, Latiyal O (2015) Studies of the atomic and crystalline characteristics of ceramic oxide nano powders after bio field treatment. Ind Eng Manage 4: 161.          
25. Trivedi MK, Nayak G, Patil S, Tallapragada RM, Latiyal O, et al. (2015) Effect of Biofield energy treatment on physical and structural properties of calcium carbide and praseodymium oxide. International Journal of Materials Science and Applications 4: 390-395.
26. Trivedi MK, Branton A, Trivedi D, Nayak G, Mondal SC, et al. (2015) Morphological characterization, quality, yield and DNA fingerprinting of biofield energy treated alphonso mango (Mangifera indica L.). Journal of Food and Nutrition Sciences 3: 245-250.
27. Trivedi MK, Branton A, Trivedi D, Nayak G, Mondal SC, et al. (2015) Evaluation of biochemical marker - Glutathione and DNA fingerprinting of biofield energy treated Oryza sativa. American Journal of BioScience 3: 243-248.
28. Trivedi MK, Branton A, Trivedi D, Nayak G, Charan S, et al. (2015) Phenotyping and 16S rDNA analysis after biofield treatment on Citrobacter braakii: A urinary pathogen. J Clin Med Genom 3: 129.
29. Trivedi MK, Patil S, Shettigar H, Mondal SC, Jana S (2015) Evaluation of biofield modality on viral load of Hepatitis B and C viruses. J Antivir Antiretrovir 7: 83-88.
30. Trivedi MK, Patil S, Shettigar H, Mondal SC, Jana S (2015) An impact of biofield treatment: Antimycobacterial susceptibility potential using BACTEC 460/MGIT-TB System. Mycobact Dis 5: 189.
31. Trivedi MK, Patil S, Shettigar H, Bairwa K, Jana S (2015) Phenotypic and biotypic characterization of Klebsiella oxytoca : An impact of Biofield treatment. J Microb Biochem Technol 7: 203-206.
32. Nayak G, Altekar N (2015) Effect of biofield treatment on plant growth and adaptation. J Environ Health Sci 1: 1-9.
33. Branton A, Jana S (2017) The influence of energy of consciousness healing treatment on low bioavailable resveratrol in male Sprague Dawley rats. International Journal of Clinical and Developmental Anatomy 3: 9-15.
34. Branton A, Jana S (2017) The use of novel and unique biofield energy healing treatment for the improvement of poorly bioavailable compound, berberine in male Sprague Dawley rats. American Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine 5: 138-144.
35. Branton A, Jana S (2017) Effect of The biofield energy healing treatment on the pharmacokinetics of 25-hydroxyvitamin D₃ [25(OH)D₃] in rats after a single oral dose of vitamin D₃. American Journal of Pharmacology and Phytotherapy 2: 11-18.
36. Yen GC, Yeh CT, Chen YJ (2004) Protective effect of Mesona procumbens against tert-butyl hydroperoxide-induced acute hepatic damage in rats. J Agric Food Chem 52 (13): 4121-4127.
37. Ali MY, Jannat S, Jung HA, Min BS, Paudel P, et al. (2018) Hepatoprotective effect of Cassia obtusifolia seed extract and constituents against oxidative damage induced by tert-butyl hydroperoxide in human hepatic HepG2 cells. J Food Biochem 42: e12439.
38. Baggiolini M, Walz A, Kunkel SL (1989) Neutrophil-activating peptide-1/interleukin 8, a novel cytokine that activates neutrophils. J Clin Invest 84: 1045-1049.
39. Vlahopoulos S, Boldogh I, Casola A, Brasier AR (1999) Nuclear factor-kappaB-dependent induction of interleukin-8 gene expression by tumor necrosis factor alpha: Evidence for an antioxidant sensitive activating pathway distinct from nuclear translocation. Blood 94: 1878-1889.
40. Zimmermann HW, Seidler S, Gassler N, Nattermann J, Luedde T, et al. (2011) Interleukin-8 Is activated in patients with chronic liver diseases and associated with hepatic macrophage accumulation in human liver fibrosis. Bertoletti A, ed. PLoS ONE 6: e21381.
41. Limdi JK, Hyde GM (2003) Evaluation of abnormal liver function tests. Postgrad Med J 79: 307-312.
42. Mathiesen U, Franzen L, Fryden A, Foberg U, Bodemar G (1999) The clinical significance of slightly to moderately increased liver transaminase values in asymptomatic patients. Scand J Gastroenterol 34: 85-91.
43. Molander DW, Sheppard E, Payne MA (1957) Serum transaminase in liver disease. J Am Med Inform Assoc 163: 1461-1465.
44. Halsted CH (2004) Nutrition and alcoholic liver disease. Semin Liver Dis 24: 289-304.
45. Zhao Q, Li J, Yang J, Li R (2017) Association of total cholesterol and HDL-C levels and outcome in coronary heart disease patients with heart failure. Gilardi. L, ed. Medicine 96: e6094.
46. Quinlan GJ, Martin GS, Evans TW (2005) Albumin: Biochemical properties and therapeutic potential. Hepatology 41: 1211-1219.
47. Evans TW (2002) Review article: Albumin as a drug-biological effects of albumin unrelated to oncotic pressure. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 5: 6-11.
48. Quinlan GJ, Margarson MP, Mumby S, Evans TW, Gutteridge JM (1998) Administration of albumin to patients with sepsis syndrome: A possible beneficial role in plasma thiol repletion. Clin Sci (Lond) 95: 459-465.