Research Article Exploring Tear Biomarkers with Shotgun Proteomics for Retinoblastoma Diagnosis: A Pilot Study
by Rodríguez-Rodríguez Andrés1, Calderón-González KG1, Luna-Arias JP2, Moctezuma-Dávila Mariana3, Rangel-Charqueño Martha4, Yañez Soto Bernardo5, Olivares-Illana V1*, Hernández-Monge Jesús6*
1Laboratorio de Interacciones Biomoleculares y Cáncer, Instituto de Física, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, México 2Departamento de Biología Celular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (Cinvestav-IPN), Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 2508, Col. San Pedro Zacatenco, Gustavo A. Madero, C.P. 07360 Ciudad de México, México. 3Ophthalmic pathology fellow at Houston Methodist Hospital, USA
4Departamento de Oftalmologıa. Hospital Central “Ignacio Morones Prieto”, San Luis Potosí, México
5Investigador por México SECIHTI– Laboratorio de Biomarcadores Moleculares, Instituto de Física, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, México
6Investigador por México SECIHTI– Instituto de Física, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, México
*Corresponding Author: Jesús Hernández Monge, Laboratorio de Biomarcadores Molecualres/Instituto de Física/Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí, México.
*Vanesa Olivares Illana, Laboratorio de Interacciones Biomoleculares y Cáncer /Instituto de Física/Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí, México
Received Date: 20 April 2025
Accepted Date: 15 May 2025
Published Date: 19 May 2025
Citation: Andrés RR, González CKG, Luna-Arias JP, Mariana MD, Martha RC, et al. (2025) Exploring Tear Biomarkers with Shotgun Proteomics for Retinoblastoma Diagnosis: A Pilot Study. Ophthalmol Res Rep 9: 166. https://doi.org/10.29011/2689-7407.100166
Abstract
Retinoblastoma is the most frequent ocular neoplasm among children under 5 years old. There are approximately 9000 new cases worldwide per year. The diagnosis of this kind of cancer is particularly complicated because taking a biopsy is contraindicated because of the high risk of causing metastasis. Currently the diagnosis is clinical, and the two main signs are leukocoria and strabismus. Although there are some studies to corroborate the diagnosis, it can be confused with other ocular diseases. Therefore, it is imperative for the development of a medium to diagnose this disease through a non-invasive fashion. In this work we choose the tears as they fulfill the former precept. We pursued finding potential biomarkers, in principle through the identification of differential tear protein expression between children with retinoblastoma and healthy controls. The proteomic analysis resulted in identification of 1035 proteins. Following statistical filters, it remained 52 up regulated and 48 down regulated as compared to patients with retinoblastoma; and 77 proteins were found present only in the retinoblastoma condition. Among coincidences with other studies on retinoblastoma protein profiling we observed up regulation of APOA1 and S100A9. Their validation by western blot revealed faithful concordance to the predicted values from mass spectrometry.
Keywords: Retinoblastoma; Biomarkers; Tears; Proteome.
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