Abstract

Cefepime, classified as a fourth-generation cephalosporin, serves as a broad-spectrum antibiotic extensively used to treat infections caused by Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Our focus revolves around a case series involving five patients who initially sought hospitalization for unrelated conditions, but subsequently developed encephalopathy, all while being administered Cefepime. This antibiotic is recognized for its propensity to antagonize gamma-aminobutyric acid receptors, which hinders GABA release. Such effects are more pronounced in people with renal failure or impaired renal function due to increased central nervous system (CNS) penetration. Clinical manifestations include altered levels of consciousness, delirium, and occasionally seizures. The prompt cessation of Cefepime is crucial for treatment, with a notable improvement generally observed within 48 hours. This underscores the importance of vigilance in monitoring patients for potential neurological complications, particularly in those with renal dysfunction.