Introduction

Pyogenic granuloma is one of the inflammatory hyperplasia that occur in the oral cavity [1]. This is due to the fact that the lesion is not related to infection, but actually develops in response to various stimuli such as minor local irritation or hormonal factors [2]. It occurs predominantly in the second decade of life in young women, possibly due to the vascular effects of female hormones, especially during pregnancy [3]. Clinically, oral pyogenic granuloma is a smooth or lobular exophytic lesion that appears as a red gingival enlargement on a pedunculated or sometimes sitting base that is usually hemorrhagic. The surface is pink, red, or purple depending on the age and vesiculation of the lesion [4]. For a long time, the first line treatment is surgical excision, however, recently, some other treatment protocols such as the use of the Erbiome laser have been shown to be beneficial as it allows hemostasis and disinfection of the margins of the lesion. Other treatment methods such as cryosurgery, intralesional injection of ethanol or corticosteroid and sodium tetradecyl sulfate sclerotherapy have been proposed but almost now considered outdated after the use of laser [5].

Because of the high incidence of pyogenic granuloma in the oral cavity and the recurrence of this lesion during pregnancy, as well as the need for appropriate diagnosis and treatment, a complete review of published information and research on this lesion is presented.

In the next section, a case from my clinic involving pyogenic granuloma in the second trimester of pregnancy will be discussed along with how it was treated two times after recurrence.